By ECZ Study Tool, September 18, 2023
Oxidation is a chemical process in which a substance loses electrons. Think of it as the 'loss of electrons' from one or more atoms in a substance. During oxidation, a substance may also gain oxygen or lose hydrogen atoms. This process often results in a change in the oxidation state or charge of the atoms involved.
Oxidation reactions are commonly
associated with the following characteristics:
Loss of Electrons: In an oxidation reaction, one or more atoms or
ions lose electrons. This leads to an increase in their positive charge, or
oxidation state.
Gain of Oxygen: Oxidation reactions often involve the addition of
oxygen to a substance. For example, when iron (Fe) reacts with oxygen (O2) to
form iron oxide (Fe2O3), the iron undergoes oxidation.
Loss of Hydrogen: In some cases, oxidation reactions involve the
removal of hydrogen atoms from a substance. For example, when hydrogen peroxide
(H2O2) decomposes into water (H2O) and oxygen (O2), hydrogen is oxidized.
Corrosion: Oxidation is responsible for processes like rusting,
where metals react with oxygen and moisture to form metal oxides. This is an
example of how oxidation can deteriorate materials over time.
Oxidation is a fundamental concept
in chemistry and is often paired with reduction (the gain of electrons) to
describe redox (reduction-oxidation) reactions. These reactions play a vital
role in various chemical processes, from combustion to respiration, and are
central to understanding the behavior of substances in chemistry and biology.
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