By ECZ Study Tool, September 25, 2023
Nuclear fission is a process in which the nucleus of an atom, typically a heavy and unstable atom like uranium-235, splits into two or more smaller nuclei, along with the release of a large amount of energy. This process is the basis for nuclear power plants and nuclear weapons.
Key points about nuclear fission include:
Energy Release: Nuclear fission is a highly exothermic process,
meaning it releases a significant amount of energy. This energy is released in
the form of kinetic energy of the fission fragments and in the form of gamma
radiation.
Uranium-235: In nuclear reactors, uranium-235 is commonly used as
the fuel for fission reactions. When a uranium-235 nucleus absorbs a neutron,
it becomes unstable and undergoes fission, splitting into two or more smaller
nuclei, such as krypton and barium, along with several neutrons.
Chain Reaction: Fission reactions can lead to a chain reaction if
the released neutrons go on to induce the fission of other uranium-235 nuclei.
This chain reaction is controlled in nuclear reactors to produce a steady
release of energy.
Nuclear Weapons: Nuclear fission is also the principle behind the
explosion of nuclear weapons. In this context, the chain reaction is
uncontrolled, resulting in a powerful and destructive explosion.
Radioactive Waste: One drawback of nuclear fission is the
production of radioactive waste materials. These materials remain radioactive
for a long time and require proper disposal and containment.
Nuclear Energy: Nuclear power plants use controlled fission
reactions to generate electricity. The heat produced by fission is used to
produce steam, which drives turbines connected to generators.
Understanding nuclear fission is
essential for discussions about nuclear energy, nuclear weapons, and the
management of radioactive waste.
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