By ECZ Study Tool, September 24, 2023
Half-life is the time it takes for half of the atoms or molecules in a sample of a radioactive substance or a chemical compound to undergo decay or transformation. It is a characteristic property of the substance and is used to measure the rate of decay or the rate of a reaction.
Key points about half-life include:
Radioactive Decay: Half-life is commonly associated with
radioactive materials, where it represents the time it takes for half of the
radioactive atoms in a sample to decay into a more stable form. Different
radioactive substances have different half-lives.
Exponential Decay: The decay of radioactive or unstable substances
follows an exponential decay curve. This means that after one half-life, half
of the remaining substance will have decayed, and after two half-lives,
three-quarters will have decayed, and so on.
Stability: Half-life is used to describe the stability of a
substance. A shorter half-life indicates that a substance is less stable and
decays more rapidly, while a longer half-life suggests greater stability.
Applications: Half-life is used in a wide range of applications,
from dating archaeological and geological samples using radioactive isotopes
(radiocarbon dating and radiometric dating) to determining the duration of drug
effectiveness in pharmacology.
Chemical Reactions: In non-radioactive contexts, half-life can also
be used to describe the time it takes for the concentration of a chemical
substance to decrease by half in a chemical reaction, assuming it follows
first-order kinetics.
Understanding half-life is crucial
in various scientific fields, helping scientists and researchers make
predictions and calculations related to the decay of substances and the
kinetics of reactions.
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