By ECZ Study Tool, September 27, 2023
Genotype refers to the genetic makeup of an organism, specifically the combination of genes it carries. It represents the set of instructions encoded in an organism's DNA that determines its traits and characteristics, even if some of those traits are not visibly expressed.
Genotype is like the 'genetic
recipe' that an organism inherits from its parents. It consists of pairs of
alleles, which are variations of genes. Each gene has different alleles, and
the combination of alleles an individual has for a particular gene determines
its genotype for that trait.
Genotype plays a fundamental role
in genetics because it influences how traits are inherited and expressed.
Sometimes, an organism's genotype can include dominant alleles, which will
express themselves in the organism's physical traits, and recessive alleles,
which will only be expressed if both alleles in the pair are recessive.
Understanding an organism's
genotype is essential in predicting the possible traits it can pass on to its
offspring and how it might respond to its environment. While not all aspects of
genotype are visible externally, they play a crucial role in shaping an
organism's characteristics and behavior.
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