By ECZ Study Tool, September 27, 2023
DNA stands for deoxyribonucleic acid, it is a molecule found in the cells of all living organisms. It carries the genetic instructions that determine an organism's traits and characteristics. Think of it as the instruction manual for building and operating living things.
DNA is often described as a long
double helix shaped molecule that looks like a twisted ladder. It is made up of
building blocks called nucleotides which come in four different types: adenine
(A), thymine (T), cytosine (C) and guanine (G). These nucleotides are arranged
in specific sequences, forming the genetic code.
The order of these nucleotides
along the DNA strand is what carries the genetic information. This code
contains instructions for building and maintaining an organism's structure and
functions. It determines traits such as eye color, hair type, and
susceptibility to certain diseases.
One of the remarkable features of
DNA is its ability to replicate itself. This process allows cells to make
copies of their DNA when they divide, ensuring that the genetic information is
passed on to new cells during growth, development and reproduction.
In summary, DNA is the fundamental
molecule of life which carries the blueprint for the characteristics and
functions of living organisms. Understanding DNA is crucial in biology because
it helps scientists unravel the mysteries of inheritance, evolution, and the
diversity of life on Earth.
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